Statement on use of animals in research and teaching
Te Whare Wānaka o Aoraki Lincoln University is a proud founding member of the Openness Agreement on Animal Research and Teaching in New Zealand.
As a specialist land-based university, Lincoln remains committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards in all our research and teaching involving the use of animals, including a moral obligation of openness and transparency in their use.
In 2021, the University signed the Openness Agreement on Animal Research and Teaching in New Zealand, committing to making animal research information available through our website, communications and public engagement activities. The agreement was initiated and led by the Australia and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching (ANZCCART), and the University is one of 21 organisations from around New Zealand to have signed the agreement.
The privilege of using animals is a key feature in our teaching and research programmes, and the University maintains its own Animal Ethics Committee in addition to animal welfare and ethics being key topics in undergraduate teaching. While many of our research programmes utilise animals, they all adhere to the principles of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) in research and teaching.
As New Zealand’s only specialist land-based university, Whare Wānaka o Aoraki Lincoln University has a unique animal use profile in comparison to other New Zealand universities meaning that our animal manipulations cater mainly for a dynamic and constantly changing primary industry and public need.
Lincoln’s specific programmes using livestock focus mainly on improving animal production, health and welfare, and mitigating environmental impacts of livestock farming, while others have used sheep as a model to develop solutions for human diseases. Enhancing New Zealand’s natural ecology is also a key component of work at Lincoln that includes the eradication or control of unwanted pests to protect our native flora and fauna.
Details of the use of animals over the years for research and teaching at Te Whare Wānaka o Aoraki Lincoln University can be found below.
The University places good welfare at the centre of all its animal activities, whether they be teaching, research or on our farms, and aims to meet the highest standards.
Good animal welfare and good science go hand-in-hand.
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2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
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|
SHEEP |
217 |
382 |
893 |
1205 |
759 |
343 |
1821 |
1170 |
666 |
3240 |
5274 |
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CATTLE |
1218 |
1037 |
606 |
1967 |
682 |
455 |
774 |
654 |
1263 |
2786 |
689 |
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GOAT |
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PIG |
0 |
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15 |
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DEER |
8 |
48 |
15 |
|
10 |
37 |
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|
82 |
44 |
8 |
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HORSE |
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NZ FUR SEAL |
100 |
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0 |
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CAT |
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0 |
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RABBIT |
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0 |
|
6 |
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|
11 |
|
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MICE |
86 |
32 |
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0 |
48 |
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|
20 |
40 |
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POSSUM |
1122 |
164 |
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|
178 |
8 |
|
58 |
18 |
42 |
159 |
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RAT |
264 |
148 |
26 |
156 |
205 |
190 |
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20 |
46 |
459 |
33 |
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POULTRY |
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|
40 |
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PIGEON |
|
18 |
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OTHER BIRD |
4 |
16 |
46 |
59 |
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11 |
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12 |
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REPTILE |
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FISH |
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STOAT |
57 |
52 |
|
35 |
66 |
53 |
16 |
17 |
25 |
39 |
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WEASEL |
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4 |
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|
2 |
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FERRET |
10 |
|
50 |
11 |
0 |
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HEDGEHOG |
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|
6 |
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HIMALAYAN TAHR |
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21 |
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DOG |
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|
4 |
|
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TOTALS |
3086 |
1897 |
1636 |
3439 |
1915 |
1159 |
2611 |
1930 |
2104 |
6653 |
6251 |
Inferring the digestion dynamics of mixed-age red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds throughout the reproductive cycle in pregnant/lactating and dry animals.
Typically, the site of digestion and digestion length of solids/liquids is found by dosing animals with intake markers and measuring the concentrations of these markers within the faeces. However, previous attempts to use intake markers have not been effective due to handling difficulties with deer. In lieu of using intake markers, we would like to run in vitro fermentation trials to explore faecal digestibility. This experiment will be run with freshly collected rumen fluid and previously collected faecal samples. The in-vitro fermentation trials will be run with faecal samples used in place of grass samples within the fermentation jars. The faecal samples were previously collected from trial animals during mating, early pregnancy, late pregnancy and mid-lactation for measurements of faecal particle size and faecal microbiome.
Brushtail possum intensive removal and low-density eradication across mixed habitats, Banks Peninsula.
With the goals set out by the Predator Free New Zealand 2050 strategy, significant steps forward in predator control need to occur to achieve this ambitious target. Alongside new technology being required, the continued refinement of existing tools and methods is crucial to the strategy's success. This project aims to expand the results of a prior trial, which analysed the effectiveness of a ground-based bait station operation in removing a local brushtail possum population on Banks Peninsula. Bait take, activity and removal trends, mortality time frames and non-target interference with bait stations will be evaluated and recorded. Results from this trial will be able to provide confidence that ground-based methods such as these can achieve the targets they are designed for, alongside highlighting any areas that might require further adjustment.
Effect of dairy wintering system on urinary N loss and cow comfort 2025.
In Canterbury dairy systems, dairy cows are predominantly wintered off the milking platform on dairy support land. The typical diet of dairy cows during this period is forage crops such as kale and fodder beet because these achieve higher dry matter yields and quality than perennial ryegrass during winter. However, regulations on winter crop areas will increase interest in pasture-based wintering. The winter, dry cow feeding period is important time for dairy farming systems as farmers attempt to regain body condition on cows lost during the previous lactation. It is also important period for environmental losses on Canterbury dairy farms as cows are often wintered at high stocking densities on stony, free draining soils that are prone to nitrate leaching. The choice of wintering system can also affect cow comfort through variation in stocking density and soil and weather conditions. The objective of this study is to compare nitrate leaching risk and comfort of cows managed on a wintering system with a kale crop versus pasture wintering systems.
Optimism among heifers reared by humans or their dams.
Improving animal welfare means going beyond the mere absence of pain and hunger and adopting management approaches that positively influence the affective state of animals. Research involving cognitive tests has shown that depending on previous experiences, animals can display positive or negative attitudes towards their environment, reacting with fear, anxiety, curiosity or pessimism. For example, calves which had recently been disbudded reacted in a more pessimistic way in judgement bias tests compared to their own behaviour prior to disbudding. The relationships animals build with each other can affect their state, and in bovine species, the herd social structure is an important aspect of expressing their natural behaviours. There is increasing interest in the adoption of cow-calf contact systems in the dairy industry which is likely to influence the social development of replacement heifers. In this research, we will investigate the impact of heifer rearing system and impact of new social contacts in a judgement bias test for heifers which have been artificially reared or reared with their dam.
Course ANSC 105 Laboratory, Blood Collection with Estimation of Packed Cell Volume
The Animal Science 105 course (ANSC 105) in the second semester has several practical laboratories designed to run alongside and complement the lecture material. For one of these labs students will measure the Packed Cell Volume (Haematocrit) of some blood samples that have been collected from sheep and the relevance of the measurement will also be discussed.
Course ANSC 207 Laboratory, Battens sheep
It is important to understand behavioural and physical differences to identify animals that are unwell/showing signs of disease. In this laboratory the Battens flock will be used, which consists of both affected and non-affected animals. While not a common disease, students should be able to observe clear differences and will still learn in a general context what they should be looking for when animals are showing signs of ill health.
Course ANSC 071 and ANSC 207 Deer behaviour laboratory
his is a student laboratory for ‘ANSC 207 Animal Health’ and largely a repeat for ‘ANSC 071 Beef and Deer Production’ to expose students to some aspects of deer behaviour and intricacies of working with them in close quarters. In short, students will observe the behaviour of deer when yarded and gain some familiarity of how best to handle deer and what infrastructure is required to minimise stress to the animal and what signs show that deer are experiencing stress.
Course ANSC 207, Sheep Necropsy Lab
Animal Health (ANSC 207) in the second semester has several practical laboratories designed to run alongside and complement lecture material. For this laboratory, the students will observe a necropsy of a sheep. Discussions and demonstrations will include samples that may be taken for diagnostic purposes and what signs to look for in certain disease states.
Course ANSC 319 Laboratory: Osmosis and cell volume control of red blood cells
The Animal Science 319 course (ANSC 319) in the second semester has a practical laboratory on osmosis and diffusion in red blood cells designed to run alongside and complement the lecture material on the topic of kidney function and fluid homeostasis. In this laboratory students will conduct experiments and visualise the various effects that saline solutions of different concentration and temperature have on water movement and cell volume control of red blood cells using blood samples that have been collected from sheep.